/* * Copyright (c) 1989, 1993 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. * * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by * Mike Muuss. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software * must display the following acknowledgement: * This product includes software developed by the University of * California, Berkeley and its contributors. * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software * without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. */ #ifndef lint static const char copyright[] = "@(#) Copyright (c) 1989, 1993\n\ The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; #endif /* not lint */ #ifndef lint #if 0 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ping.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93"; #endif static const char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD$"; #endif /* not lint */ /* * P I N G . C * * Using the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility, * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths. * * Author - * Mike Muuss * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory * December, 1983 * * Status - * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited. * Bugs - * More statistics could always be gathered. * This program has to run SUID to ROOT to access the ICMP socket. */ #include /* NB: we rely on this for */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #ifdef IPSEC #include #endif /*IPSEC*/ #define PHDR_LEN sizeof(struct timeval) #define DEFDATALEN (64 - PHDR_LEN) /* default data length */ #define FLOOD_BACKOFF 20000 /* usecs to back off if F_FLOOD mode */ /* runs out of buffer space */ #define MAXIPLEN 60 #define MAXICMPLEN 76 #define MAXPACKET (65536 - 60 - 8)/* max packet size */ #define MAXWAIT 10 /* max seconds to wait for response */ #define MAXALARM (60 * 60) /* max seconds for alarm timeout */ #define NROUTES 9 /* number of record route slots */ #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */ #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */ #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit)) #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit))) #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit)) /* various options */ int options; #define F_FLOOD 0x0001 #define F_INTERVAL 0x0002 #define F_NUMERIC 0x0004 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x0008 #define F_QUIET 0x0010 #define F_RROUTE 0x0020 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x0040 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x0080 #define F_VERBOSE 0x0100 #define F_QUIET2 0x0200 #define F_NOLOOP 0x0400 #define F_MTTL 0x0800 #define F_MIF 0x1000 #define F_AUDIBLE 0x2000 #ifdef IPSEC #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC #define F_POLICY 0x4000 #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/ #endif /*IPSEC*/ /* * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128 * to 8192 for complete accuracy... */ #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128) int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK; char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8]; struct sockaddr whereto; /* who to ping */ int datalen = DEFDATALEN; int s; /* socket file descriptor */ u_char outpack[MAXPACKET]; char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */ char DOT = '.'; char *hostname; char *shostname; int ident; /* process id to identify our packets */ int uid; /* cached uid for micro-optimization */ /* counters */ long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */ long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */ long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */ long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */ int interval = 1000; /* interval between packets, ms */ /* timing */ int timing; /* flag to do timing */ double tmin = 999999999.0; /* minimum round trip time */ double tmax = 0.0; /* maximum round trip time */ double tsum = 0.0; /* sum of all times, for doing average */ double tsumsq = 0.0; /* sum of all times squared, for std. dev. */ volatile sig_atomic_t finish_up; /* nonzero if we've been told to finish up */ int reset_kerninfo; volatile sig_atomic_t siginfo_p; static void fill(char *, char *); static u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int); static void check_status(void); static void finish(void) __dead2; static void pinger(void); static char *pr_addr(struct in_addr); static void pr_icmph(struct icmp *); static void pr_iph(struct ip *); static void pr_pack(char *, int, struct sockaddr_in *, struct timeval *); static void pr_retip(struct ip *); static void status(int); static void stopit(int); static void tvsub(struct timeval *, struct timeval *); static void usage(void) __dead2; int main(argc, argv) int argc; char *const *argv; { struct timeval last, intvl; struct hostent *hp; struct sockaddr_in *to, sin; struct termios ts; register int i; int ch, hold, packlen, preload, sockerrno, almost_done = 0; struct in_addr ifaddr; unsigned char ttl, loop; u_char *datap, *packet; char *source = NULL, *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; char snamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; char *ep; u_long ultmp; #ifdef IP_OPTIONS char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1]; /* record route space */ #endif struct sigaction si_sa; struct iovec iov; struct msghdr msg; struct sockaddr_in from; char ctrl[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval))]; #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC char *policy_in = NULL; char *policy_out = NULL; #endif unsigned long alarmtimeout; /* * Do the stuff that we need root priv's for *first*, and * then drop our setuid bit. Save error reporting for * after arg parsing. */ s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP); sockerrno = errno; setuid(getuid()); uid = getuid(); alarmtimeout = preload = 0; datap = &outpack[8 + PHDR_LEN]; #ifndef IPSEC while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "I:LQRS:T:c:adfi:l:np:qrs:t:v")) != -1) #else #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "I:LQRS:T:c:adfi:l:np:qrs:t:vP:")) != -1) #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/ #endif { switch(ch) { case 'a': options |= F_AUDIBLE; break; case 'c': ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0); if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > LONG_MAX || !ultmp) errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid count of packets to transmit: `%s'", optarg); npackets = ultmp; break; case 'd': options |= F_SO_DEBUG; break; case 'f': if (uid) { errno = EPERM; err(EX_NOPERM, "-f flag"); } options |= F_FLOOD; setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); break; case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */ { double t = strtod(optarg, &ep) * 1000.0; if (*ep || ep == optarg || t > (double)INT_MAX) { errx( EX_USAGE, "invalid timing interval: `%s'", optarg ); } options |= F_INTERVAL; interval = (int)t; if (uid && interval < 1000) { errno = EPERM; err(EX_NOPERM, "-i interval too short"); } } break; case 'I': /* multicast interface */ if (inet_aton(optarg, &ifaddr) == 0) errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast interface: `%s'", optarg); options |= F_MIF; break; case 'l': ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0); if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > INT_MAX) errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid preload value: `%s'", optarg); if (uid) { errno = EPERM; err(EX_NOPERM, "-l flag"); } preload = ultmp; break; case 'L': options |= F_NOLOOP; loop = 0; break; case 'n': options |= F_NUMERIC; break; case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */ options |= F_PINGFILLED; fill((char *)datap, optarg); break; case 'Q': options |= F_QUIET2; break; case 'q': options |= F_QUIET; break; case 'R': options |= F_RROUTE; break; case 'r': options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE; break; case 's': /* size of packet to send */ if (uid) { errno = EPERM; err(EX_NOPERM, "-s flag"); } ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0); if (ultmp > MAXPACKET) errx(EX_USAGE, "packet size too large: %lu", ultmp); if (*ep || ep == optarg || !ultmp) errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid packet size: `%s'", optarg); datalen = ultmp; break; case 'S': source = optarg; break; case 't': alarmtimeout = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0); if ((alarmtimeout < 1) || (alarmtimeout == ULONG_MAX)) errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s'", optarg); if (alarmtimeout > MAXALARM) errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid timeout: `%s' > %d", optarg, MAXALARM); alarm((int)alarmtimeout); break; case 'T': /* multicast TTL */ ultmp = strtoul(optarg, &ep, 0); if (*ep || ep == optarg || ultmp > 255) errx(EX_USAGE, "invalid multicast TTL: `%s'", optarg); ttl = ultmp; options |= F_MTTL; break; case 'v': options |= F_VERBOSE; break; #ifdef IPSEC #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC case 'P': options |= F_POLICY; if (!strncmp("in", optarg, 2)) policy_in = strdup(optarg); else if (!strncmp("out", optarg, 3)) policy_out = strdup(optarg); else errx(1, "invalid security policy"); break; #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/ #endif /*IPSEC*/ default: usage(); } } if (argc - optind != 1) usage(); target = argv[optind]; if (source) { bzero((char *)&sin, sizeof(sin)); sin.sin_family = AF_INET; if (inet_aton(source, &sin.sin_addr) != 0) { shostname = source; } else { hp = gethostbyname2(source, AF_INET); if (!hp) errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s", source, hstrerror(h_errno)); sin.sin_len = sizeof sin; if (hp->h_length > sizeof(sin.sin_addr)) errx(1,"gethostbyname2: illegal address"); memcpy(&sin.sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof (sin.sin_addr)); (void)strncpy(snamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(snamebuf) - 1); snamebuf[sizeof(snamebuf) - 1] = '\0'; shostname = snamebuf; } if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof sin) == -1) err(1, "bind"); } bzero((char *)&whereto, sizeof(struct sockaddr)); to = (struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto; to->sin_family = AF_INET; if (inet_aton(target, &to->sin_addr) != 0) { hostname = target; } else { hp = gethostbyname2(target, AF_INET); if (!hp) errx(EX_NOHOST, "cannot resolve %s: %s", target, hstrerror(h_errno)); to->sin_len = sizeof *to; if (hp->h_length > sizeof(to->sin_addr)) errx(1,"gethostbyname2 returned an illegal address"); memcpy(&to->sin_addr, hp->h_addr_list[0], sizeof to->sin_addr); (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1); hnamebuf[sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1] = '\0'; hostname = hnamebuf; } if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL) errx(EX_USAGE, "-f and -i: incompatible options"); if (options & F_FLOOD && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr))) errx(EX_USAGE, "-f flag cannot be used with multicast destination"); if (options & (F_MIF | F_NOLOOP | F_MTTL) && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(to->sin_addr.s_addr))) errx(EX_USAGE, "-I, -L, -T flags cannot be used with unicast destination"); if (datalen >= PHDR_LEN) /* can we time transfer */ timing = 1; packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN; if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((size_t)packlen))) err(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "malloc"); if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED)) for (i = PHDR_LEN; i < datalen; ++i) *datap++ = i; ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF; if (s < 0) { errno = sockerrno; err(EX_OSERR, "socket"); } hold = 1; if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold, sizeof(hold)); if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE) (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold, sizeof(hold)); #ifdef IPSEC #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC if (options & F_POLICY) { char *buf; if (policy_in != NULL) { buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_in, strlen(policy_in)); if (buf == NULL) errx(EX_CONFIG, ipsec_strerror()); if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY, buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0) err(EX_CONFIG, "ipsec policy cannot be configured"); free(buf); } if (policy_out != NULL) { buf = ipsec_set_policy(policy_out, strlen(policy_out)); if (buf == NULL) errx(EX_CONFIG, ipsec_strerror()); if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_IPSEC_POLICY, buf, ipsec_get_policylen(buf)) < 0) err(EX_CONFIG, "ipsec policy cannot be configured"); free(buf); } } #endif /*IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC*/ #endif /*IPSEC*/ /* record route option */ if (options & F_RROUTE) { #ifdef IP_OPTIONS bzero(rspace, sizeof(rspace)); rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR; rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace) - 1; rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF; rspace[sizeof(rspace) - 1] = IPOPT_EOL; if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, sizeof(rspace)) < 0) err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_OPTIONS"); #else errx(EX_UNAVAILABLE, "record route not available in this implementation"); #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */ } if (options & F_NOLOOP) { if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_LOOP, &loop, sizeof(loop)) < 0) { err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_LOOP"); } } if (options & F_MTTL) { if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_TTL, &ttl, sizeof(ttl)) < 0) { err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_TTL"); } } if (options & F_MIF) { if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_MULTICAST_IF, &ifaddr, sizeof(ifaddr)) < 0) { err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt IP_MULTICAST_IF"); } } #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP { int on = 1; if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_TIMESTAMP, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0) err(EX_OSERR, "setsockopt SO_TIMESTAMP"); } #endif /* * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers. * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for * /etc/ethers. But beware: RFC 1122 allows hosts to ignore broadcast * or multicast pings if they wish. */ hold = 48 * 1024; (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold, sizeof(hold)); if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) { (void)printf("PING %s (%s)", hostname, inet_ntoa(to->sin_addr)); if (source) (void)printf(" from %s", shostname); (void)printf(": %d data bytes\n", datalen); } else (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen); /* * Use sigaction() instead of signal() to get unambiguous semantics, * in particular with SA_RESTART not set. */ sigemptyset(&si_sa.sa_mask); si_sa.sa_flags = 0; si_sa.sa_handler = stopit; if (sigaction(SIGINT, &si_sa, 0) == -1) { err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGINT"); } si_sa.sa_handler = status; if (sigaction(SIGINFO, &si_sa, 0) == -1) { err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction"); } if (alarmtimeout > 0) { si_sa.sa_handler = stopit; if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &si_sa, 0) == -1) err(EX_OSERR, "sigaction SIGALRM"); } bzero(&msg, sizeof(msg)); msg.msg_name = (caddr_t)&from; msg.msg_iov = &iov; msg.msg_iovlen = 1; #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP msg.msg_control = (caddr_t)ctrl; #endif iov.iov_base = packet; iov.iov_len = packlen; if (tcgetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, &ts) != -1) { reset_kerninfo = !(ts.c_lflag & NOKERNINFO); ts.c_lflag |= NOKERNINFO; tcsetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ts); } while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */ pinger(); if (options & F_FLOOD) { intvl.tv_sec = 0; intvl.tv_usec = 10000; } else { intvl.tv_sec = interval / 1000; intvl.tv_usec = interval % 1000 * 1000; } pinger(); /* send the first ping */ (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL); while (!finish_up) { register int cc; int n; struct timeval timeout, now; fd_set rfds; check_status(); FD_ZERO(&rfds); FD_SET(s, &rfds); (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL); timeout.tv_sec = last.tv_sec + intvl.tv_sec - now.tv_sec; timeout.tv_usec = last.tv_usec + intvl.tv_usec - now.tv_usec; while (timeout.tv_usec < 0) { timeout.tv_usec += 1000000; timeout.tv_sec--; } while (timeout.tv_usec >= 1000000) { timeout.tv_usec -= 1000000; timeout.tv_sec++; } if (timeout.tv_sec < 0) timeout.tv_sec = timeout.tv_usec = 0; n = select(s + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout); if (n < 0) continue; /* Must be EINTR. */ if (n == 1) { struct timeval *t = 0; #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP struct cmsghdr *cmsg = (struct cmsghdr *)&ctrl; msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(ctrl); #endif msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(from); if ((cc = recvmsg(s, &msg, 0)) < 0) { if (errno == EINTR) continue; warn("recvmsg"); continue; } #ifdef SO_TIMESTAMP if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_TIMESTAMP && cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof *t)) { /* Copy to avoid alignment problems: */ memcpy(&now,CMSG_DATA(cmsg),sizeof(now)); t = &now; } #endif if (t == 0) { (void)gettimeofday(&now, NULL); t = &now; } pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from, t); if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets) break; } if (n == 0 || options & F_FLOOD) { if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets) pinger(); else { if (almost_done) break; almost_done = 1; intvl.tv_usec = 0; if (nreceived) { intvl.tv_sec = 2 * tmax / 1000; if (!intvl.tv_sec) intvl.tv_sec = 1; } else intvl.tv_sec = MAXWAIT; } (void)gettimeofday(&last, NULL); } } finish(); /* NOTREACHED */ exit(0); /* Make the compiler happy */ } /* * stopit -- * Set the global bit that causes the main loop to quit. * Do NOT call finish() from here, since finish() does far too much * to be called from a signal handler. */ void stopit(sig) int sig; { finish_up = 1; } /* * pinger -- * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our UNIX process ID, * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first 8 bytes * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in host * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time. */ static void pinger(void) { register struct icmp *icp; register int cc; int i; icp = (struct icmp *)outpack; icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; icp->icmp_code = 0; icp->icmp_cksum = 0; icp->icmp_seq = ntransmitted; icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */ CLR(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); if (timing) (void)gettimeofday((struct timeval *)&outpack[8], (struct timezone *)NULL); cc = datalen + PHDR_LEN; /* skips ICMP portion */ /* compute ICMP checksum here */ icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc); i = sendto(s, (char *)outpack, cc, 0, &whereto, sizeof(struct sockaddr)); if (i < 0 || i != cc) { if (i < 0) { if (options & F_FLOOD && errno == ENOBUFS) { usleep(FLOOD_BACKOFF); return; } warn("sendto"); } else { warn("%s: partial write: %d of %d bytes", hostname, i, cc); } } ntransmitted++; if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD) (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &DOT, 1); } /* * pr_pack -- * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!). */ static void pr_pack(buf, cc, from, tv) char *buf; int cc; struct sockaddr_in *from; struct timeval *tv; { register struct icmp *icp; register u_long l; register int i, j; register u_char *cp,*dp; static int old_rrlen; static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; struct ip *ip; struct timeval *tp; double triptime; int hlen, dupflag; /* Check the IP header */ ip = (struct ip *)buf; hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) { if (options & F_VERBOSE) warn("packet too short (%d bytes) from %s", cc, inet_ntoa(from->sin_addr)); return; } /* Now the ICMP part */ cc -= hlen; icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen); if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) { if (icp->icmp_id != ident) return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */ ++nreceived; triptime = 0.0; if (timing) { struct timeval tv1; #ifndef icmp_data tp = (struct timeval *)&icp->icmp_ip; #else tp = (struct timeval *)icp->icmp_data; #endif /* Avoid unaligned data: */ memcpy(&tv1,tp,sizeof(tv1)); tvsub(tv, &tv1); triptime = ((double)tv->tv_sec) * 1000.0 + ((double)tv->tv_usec) / 1000.0; tsum += triptime; tsumsq += triptime * triptime; if (triptime < tmin) tmin = triptime; if (triptime > tmax) tmax = triptime; } if (TST(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck)) { ++nrepeats; --nreceived; dupflag = 1; } else { SET(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); dupflag = 0; } if (options & F_QUIET) return; if (options & F_FLOOD) (void)write(STDOUT_FILENO, &BSPACE, 1); else { (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc, inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr), icp->icmp_seq); (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl); if (timing) (void)printf(" time=%.3f ms", triptime); if (dupflag) (void)printf(" (DUP!)"); if (options & F_AUDIBLE) (void)printf("\a"); /* check the data */ cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[PHDR_LEN]; dp = &outpack[8 + PHDR_LEN]; for (i = PHDR_LEN; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) { if (*cp != *dp) { (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x", i, *dp, *cp); printf("\ncp:"); cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0]; for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) { if ((i % 32) == 8) (void)printf("\n\t"); (void)printf("%x ", *cp); } printf("\ndp:"); cp = &outpack[8]; for (i = 0; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) { if ((i % 32) == 8) (void)printf("\n\t"); (void)printf("%x ", *cp); } break; } } } } else { /* * We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY. * See if it's a reply to something that we sent. * We can compare IP destination, protocol, * and ICMP type and ID. * * Only print all the error messages if we are running * as root to avoid leaking information not normally * available to those not running as root. */ #ifndef icmp_data struct ip *oip = &icp->icmp_ip; #else struct ip *oip = (struct ip *)icp->icmp_data; #endif struct icmp *oicmp = (struct icmp *)(oip + 1); if (((options & F_VERBOSE) && uid == 0) || (!(options & F_QUIET2) && (oip->ip_dst.s_addr == ((struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto)->sin_addr.s_addr) && (oip->ip_p == IPPROTO_ICMP) && (oicmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHO) && (oicmp->icmp_id == ident))) { (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, pr_addr(from->sin_addr)); pr_icmph(icp); } else return; } /* Display any IP options */ cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip); for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp) switch (*cp) { case IPOPT_EOL: hlen = 0; break; case IPOPT_LSRR: (void)printf("\nLSRR: "); hlen -= 2; j = *++cp; ++cp; if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF) for (;;) { l = *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; if (l == 0) { printf("\t0.0.0.0"); } else { struct in_addr ina; ina.s_addr = ntohl(l); printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ina)); } hlen -= 4; j -= 4; if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF) break; (void)putchar('\n'); } break; case IPOPT_RR: j = *++cp; /* get length */ i = *++cp; /* and pointer */ hlen -= 2; if (i > j) i = j; i -= IPOPT_MINOFF; if (i <= 0) continue; if (i == old_rrlen && cp == (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2 && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i) && !(options & F_FLOOD)) { (void)printf("\t(same route)"); i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4; hlen -= i; cp += i; break; } if (i < MAX_IPOPTLEN) { old_rrlen = i; bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i); } else old_rrlen = 0; (void)printf("\nRR: "); j = 0; for (;;) { l = *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; if (l == 0) { printf("\t0.0.0.0"); } else { struct in_addr ina; ina.s_addr = ntohl(l); printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ina)); } hlen -= 4; i -= 4; j += 4; if (i <= 0) break; if (j >= MAX_IPOPTLEN) { (void) printf("\t(truncated route)"); break; } (void)putchar('\n'); } break; case IPOPT_NOP: (void)printf("\nNOP"); break; default: (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp); break; } if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) { (void)putchar('\n'); (void)fflush(stdout); } } /* * in_cksum -- * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version) */ u_short in_cksum(addr, len) u_short *addr; int len; { register int nleft = len; register u_short *w = addr; register int sum = 0; union { u_short us; u_char uc[2]; } last; u_short answer; /* * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits. */ while (nleft > 1) { sum += *w++; nleft -= 2; } /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */ if (nleft == 1) { last.uc[0] = *(u_char *)w; last.uc[1] = 0; sum += last.us; } /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */ sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */ sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */ answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */ return(answer); } /* * tvsub -- * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. Out is assumed to * be >= in. */ static void tvsub(out, in) register struct timeval *out, *in; { if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) { --out->tv_sec; out->tv_usec += 1000000; } out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec; } /* * status -- * Print out statistics when SIGINFO is received. */ static void status(sig) int sig; { siginfo_p = 1; } static void check_status() { if (siginfo_p) { siginfo_p = 0; (void)fprintf(stderr, "\r%ld/%ld packets received (%.0f%%) %.3f min / %.3f avg / %.3f max\n", nreceived, ntransmitted, ntransmitted ? nreceived * 100.0 / ntransmitted : 0.0, nreceived ? tmin : 0.0, nreceived + nrepeats ? tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats) : tsum, tmax); } } /* * finish -- * Print out statistics, and give up. */ static void finish() { struct termios ts; (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN); (void)signal(SIGALRM, SIG_IGN); (void)putchar('\n'); (void)fflush(stdout); (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname); (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted); (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived); if (nrepeats) (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats); if (ntransmitted) { if (nreceived > ntransmitted) (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!"); else (void)printf("%d%% packet loss", (int) (((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) / ntransmitted)); } (void)putchar('\n'); if (nreceived && timing) { double n = nreceived + nrepeats; double avg = tsum / n; double vari = tsumsq / n - avg * avg; printf("round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = " "%.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n", tmin, avg, tmax, sqrt(vari)); } if (reset_kerninfo && tcgetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, &ts) != -1) { ts.c_lflag &= ~NOKERNINFO; tcsetattr(STDOUT_FILENO, TCSANOW, &ts); } if (nreceived) exit(0); else exit(2); } #ifdef notdef static char *ttab[] = { "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */ "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */ "Source Quench", /* IP */ "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */ "Echo", "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */ "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */ "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */ "Timestamp Reply", /* " */ "Info Request", /* id + sq */ "Info Reply" /* " */ }; #endif /* * pr_icmph -- * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header. */ static void pr_icmph(icp) struct icmp *icp; { switch(icp->icmp_type) { case ICMP_ECHOREPLY: (void)printf("Echo Reply\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ break; case ICMP_UNREACH: switch(icp->icmp_code) { case ICMP_UNREACH_NET: (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST: (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL: (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT: (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG: (void)printf("frag needed and DF set (MTU %d)\n", ntohs(icp->icmp_nextmtu)); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL: (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB: (void)printf("Communication prohibited by filter\n"); break; default: (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n", icp->icmp_code); break; } /* Print returned IP header information */ #ifndef icmp_data pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); #else pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); #endif break; case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH: (void)printf("Source Quench\n"); #ifndef icmp_data pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); #else pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); #endif break; case ICMP_REDIRECT: switch(icp->icmp_code) { case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET: (void)printf("Redirect Network"); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST: (void)printf("Redirect Host"); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET: (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network"); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST: (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host"); break; default: (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code); break; } (void)printf("(New addr: %s)\n", inet_ntoa(icp->icmp_gwaddr)); #ifndef icmp_data pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); #else pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); #endif break; case ICMP_ECHO: (void)printf("Echo Request\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ break; case ICMP_TIMXCEED: switch(icp->icmp_code) { case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS: (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n"); break; case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS: (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n"); break; default: (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n", icp->icmp_code); break; } #ifndef icmp_data pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); #else pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); #endif break; case ICMP_PARAMPROB: (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n", icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr); #ifndef icmp_data pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); #else pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); #endif break; case ICMP_TSTAMP: (void)printf("Timestamp\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ break; case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY: (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ break; case ICMP_IREQ: (void)printf("Information Request\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq */ break; case ICMP_IREQREPLY: (void)printf("Information Reply\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq */ break; case ICMP_MASKREQ: (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n"); break; case ICMP_MASKREPLY: (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n"); break; case ICMP_ROUTERADVERT: (void)printf("Router Advertisement\n"); break; case ICMP_ROUTERSOLICIT: (void)printf("Router Solicitation\n"); break; default: (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type); } } /* * pr_iph -- * Print an IP header with options. */ static void pr_iph(ip) struct ip *ip; { int hlen; u_char *cp; hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */ (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst\n"); (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x", ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ntohs(ip->ip_len), ntohs(ip->ip_id)); (void)printf(" %1lx %04lx", (u_long) (ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13, (u_long) ntohl(ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff); (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, ntohs(ip->ip_sum)); (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr)); (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr)); /* dump any option bytes */ while (hlen-- > 20) { (void)printf("%02x", *cp++); } (void)putchar('\n'); } /* * pr_addr -- * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with * a hostname. */ static char * pr_addr(ina) struct in_addr ina; { struct hostent *hp; static char buf[16 + 3 + MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; if ((options & F_NUMERIC) || !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&ina, 4, AF_INET))) return inet_ntoa(ina); else (void)snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s (%s)", hp->h_name, inet_ntoa(ina)); return(buf); } /* * pr_retip -- * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet. */ static void pr_retip(ip) struct ip *ip; { int hlen; u_char *cp; pr_iph(ip); hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen; if (ip->ip_p == 6) (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); else if (ip->ip_p == 17) (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); } static void fill(bp, patp) char *bp, *patp; { register int ii, jj, kk; int pat[16]; char *cp; for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) { if (!isxdigit(*cp)) errx(EX_USAGE, "patterns must be specified as hex digits"); } ii = sscanf(patp, "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x", &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6], &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12], &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]); if (ii > 0) for (kk = 0; kk <= MAXPACKET - (8 + PHDR_LEN + ii); kk += ii) for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj]; if (!(options & F_QUIET)) { (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x"); for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF); (void)printf("\n"); } } static void usage() { fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n", "usage: ping [-QRadfnqrv] [-c count] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-p pattern]", " " #ifdef IPSEC #ifdef IPSEC_POLICY_IPSEC "[-P policy] " #endif #endif "[-s packetsize] [-S src_addr] [-t timeout]", " [host | [-L] [-I iface] [-T ttl] mcast-group]"); exit(EX_USAGE); }