################################################################################ # Thelp DDisplay command help help [topic [subtopic]] help index The help command displays help on commands and their usage. In command help, a term enclosed with <...> indicates a value as described by the term. A term enclosed with [...] is optional, and may not be required by all forms of the command. Some commands may not be available. Use the '?' command to list most available commands. ################################################################################ # T? DList available commands ? Lists all available commands. ################################################################################ # Tautoboot DBoot after a delay autoboot [ []] Displays or a default prompt, and counts down seconds before attempting to boot. If is not specified, the default value is 10. ################################################################################ # Tboot DBoot immediately boot [] [- ...] Boot the system. If arguments are specified, they are added to the arguments for the kernel. If is specified, and a kernel has not already been loaded, it will be booted instead of the default kernel. ################################################################################ # Tbcachestat DGet disk block cache stats bcachestat Displays statistics about disk cache usage. For depuration only. ################################################################################ # Techo DEcho arguments echo [-n] [] Emits , with no trailing newline if -n is specified. This is most useful in conjunction with scripts and the '@' line prefix. Variables are substituted by prefixing them with $, eg. echo Current device is $currdev will print the current device. ################################################################################ # Tload DLoad a kernel or module load [-t ] Loads the module contained in into memory. If no other modules are loaded, must be a kernel or the command will fail. If -t is specified, the module is loaded as raw data of , for later use by the kernel or other modules. may be any string. ################################################################################ # Tls DList files ls [-l] [] Displays a listing of files in the directory , or the root directory of the current device if is not specified. The -l argument displays file sizes as well; the process of obtaining file sizes on some media may be very slow. ################################################################################ # Tlsdev DList devices lsdev [-v] List all of the devices from which it may be possible to load modules. If -v is specified, print more details. ################################################################################ # Tlsmod DList modules lsmod [-v] List loaded modules. If [-v] is specified, print more details. ################################################################################ # Tmore DPage files more [ ...] Show contents of text files. When displaying the contents of more, than one file, if the user elects to quit displaying a file, the remaining files will not be shown. ################################################################################ # Tpnpscan DScan for PnP devices pnpscan [-v] Scan for Plug-and-Play devices. This command is normally automatically run as part of the boot process, in order to dynamically load modules required for system operation. If the -v argument is specified, details on the devices found will be printed. ################################################################################ # Tset DSet a variable set set = The set command is used to set variables. ################################################################################ # Tset Sautoboot_delay DSet the default autoboot delay set autoboot_delay= Sets the default delay for the autoboot command to seconds. ################################################################################ # Tset Sbootfile DSet the default boot file set set bootfile=[;...] Sets the default set of kernel boot filename(s). It may be overridden by setting the bootfile variable to a semicolon-separated list of filenames, each of which will be searched for in the module_path directories. The default bootfile set is "kernel". ################################################################################ # Tset Sboot_askname DPrompt for root device set boot_askname Instructs the kernel to prompt the user for the name of the root device when the kernel is booted. ################################################################################ # Tset Sboot_cdrom DMount root file system from CD-ROM set boot_cdrom Instructs the kernel to try to mount the root file system from CD-ROM. ################################################################################ # Tset Sboot_ddb DDrop to the kernel debugger (DDB) set boot_ddb Instructs the kernel to start in the DDB debugger, rather than proceeding to initialize when booted. ################################################################################ # Tset Sboot_gdb DSelect gdb-remote mode for the kernel debugger set boot_gdb Selects gdb-remote mode for the kernel debugger by default. ################################################################################ # Tset Sboot_multicons DUse multiple consoles set boot_multicons Enables multiple console support in the kernel early on boot. In a running system, console configuration can be manipulated by the conscontrol(8) utility. ################################################################################ # Tset Sboot_serial DUse serial console set boot_serial Force the use of a serial console even when an internal console is present. ################################################################################ # Tset Sboot_single DStart system in single-user mode set boot_single Prevents the kernel from initiating a multi-user startup; instead, a single-user mode will be entered when the kernel has finished device probes. ################################################################################ # Tset Sboot_verbose DVerbose boot messages set boot_verbose Setting this variable causes extra debugging information to be printed by the kernel during the boot phase. ################################################################################ # Tset Sconsole DSet the current console set console[=] Sets the current console. If is omitted, a list of valid consoles will be displayed. ################################################################################ # Tset Scurrdev DSet the current device set currdev= Selects the default device. Syntax for devices is odd. ################################################################################ # Tset Sinit_path DSet the list of init candidates set init_path=[:...] Sets the list of binaries which the kernel will try to run as initial process. ################################################################################ # Tset Smodule_path DSet the module search path set module_path=[;...] Sets the list of directories which will be searched in for modules named in a load command or implicitly required by a dependency. The default module_path is "/boot/modules" with the kernel directory prepended. ################################################################################ # Tset Sprompt DSet the command prompt set prompt= The command prompt is displayed when the loader is waiting for input. Variable substitution is performed on the prompt. The default prompt can be set with: set prompt=\${interpret} ################################################################################ # Tset Srootdev DSet the root filesystem set rootdev= By default the value of $currdev is used to set the root filesystem when the kernel is booted. This can be overridden by setting $rootdev explicitly. ################################################################################ # Tset Stunables DSet kernel tunable values Various kernel tunable parameters can be overridden by specifying new values in the environment. set kern.ipc.nmbclusters= NMBCLUSTERS Set the number of mbuf clusters to be allocated. The value cannot be set below the default determined when the kernel was compiled. set kern.ipc.nsfbufs= NSFBUFS Set the number of sendfile buffers to be allocated. This overrides the value determined when the kernel was compiled. set vm.kmem_size= VM_KMEM_SIZE Sets the size of kernel memory (bytes). This overrides the value determined when the kernel was compiled. set machdep.disable_mtrrs=1 Disable the use of i686 MTRRs (i386 only) set net.inet.tcp.tcbhashsize= TCBHASHSIZE Overrides the compile-time set value of TCBHASHSIZE or the preset default of 512. Must be a power of 2. hw.syscons.sc_no_suspend_vtswitch= Disable VT switching on suspend. value is 0 (default) or non-zero to enable. set hw.physmem= MAXMEM (i386 only) Limits the amount of physical memory space available to the system to bytes. may have a k, M or G suffix to indicate kilobytes, megabytes and gigabytes respectively. Note that the current i386 architecture limits this value to 4GB. On systems where memory cannot be accurately probed, this option provides a hint as to the actual size of system memory (which will be tested before use). set hw.pci.enable_io_modes= Enable PCI resources which are left off by some BIOSes or are not enabled correctly by the device driver. value is 1 (default), but this may cause problems with some peripherals. Set to 0 to disable. ################################################################################ # Tshow DShow the values of variables show [] Displays the value of , or all variables if not specified. Multiple paths can be separated with a semicolon. ################################################################################ # Tinclude DRead commands from a script file include [ ...] The entire contents of are read into memory before executing commands, so it is safe to source a file from removable media. ################################################################################ # Tread DRead input from the terminal read [-t ] [-p ] [] The read command reads a line of input from the terminal. If the -t argument is specified, it will return nothing if no input has been received after seconds. (Any keypress will cancel the timeout). If -p is specified, is printed before reading input. No newline is emitted after the prompt. If a variable name is supplied, the variable is set to the value read, less any terminating newline. ################################################################################ # Tunload DRemove all modules from memory unload This command removes any kernel and all loaded modules from memory. ################################################################################ # Tunset DUnset a variable unset If allowed, the named variable's value is discarded and the variable is removed. ################################################################################