.\" .\" FreeBSD install - a package for the installation and maintenance .\" of non-core utilities. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" .\" Jordan K. Hubbard .\" .\" $FreeBSD$ .\" .Dd January 4, 2009 .Dt PKG_ADD 1 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm pkg_add .Nd a utility for installing software package distributions .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Op Fl viInfFrRMSK .Op Fl t Ar template .Op Fl p Ar prefix .Op Fl P Ar prefix .Op Fl C Ar chrootdir .Ar pkg-name Op Ar pkg-name ... .Sh DESCRIPTION The .Nm command is used to extract packages that have been previously created with the .Xr pkg_create 1 command. .Sh WARNING .Bf -emphasis Since the .Nm command may execute scripts or programs contained within a package file, your system may be susceptible to .Dq Em trojan horses or other subtle attacks from miscreants who create dangerous package files. .Pp You are advised to verify the competence and identity of those who provide installable package files. For extra protection, use the .Fl M flag to extract the package file, and inspect its contents and scripts to ensure it poses no danger to your system's integrity. Pay particular attention to any +INSTALL, +POST-INSTALL, +DEINSTALL, +POST-DEINSTALL, +REQUIRE or +MTREE_DIRS files, and inspect the +CONTENTS file for .Cm @cwd , .Cm @mode (check for setuid), .Cm @dirrm , .Cm @exec , and .Cm @unexec directives, and/or use the .Xr pkg_info 1 command to examine the package file. .Ef .Sh OPTIONS The following command line arguments are supported: .Bl -tag -width indent .It Ar pkg-name Op Ar pkg-name ... The named packages are installed. A package name of .Fl will cause .Nm to read from stdin. If the packages are not found in the current working directory, .Nm will search them in each directory named by .Ev PKG_PATH . .It Fl v , -verbose Turn on verbose output. .It Fl K , -keep Keep any downloaded package in .Ev PKGDIR if it is defined or in current directory by default. .It Fl i , -no-deps Install the package without fetching and installing dependencies. .It Fl I , -no-script If any installation scripts (pre-install or post-install) exist for a given package, do not execute them. .It Fl n , -dry-run Do not actually install a package, just report the steps that would be taken if it was. .It Fl R , -no-record Do not record the installation of a package. This means that you cannot deinstall it later, so only use this option if you know what you are doing! .It Fl r , -remote Use the remote fetching feature. This will determine the appropriate objformat and release and then fetch and install the package. .It Fl f , -force Force installation to proceed even if prerequisite packages are not installed or the requirements script fails. Although .Nm will still try to find and auto-install missing prerequisite packages, a failure to find one will not be fatal. .It Fl F Already installed packages are not an error. .It Fl p , -prefix Ar prefix Set .Ar prefix as the directory in which to extract files from a package. If a package has set its default directory, it will be overridden by this flag. Note that only the first .Cm @cwd directive will be replaced, since .Nm has no way of knowing which directory settings are relative and which are absolute. It is rare in any case to see more than one directory transition made, but when such does happen and you wish to have control over *all* directory transitions, then you may then wish to look into the use of .Cm MASTER and .Cm SLAVE modes (see the .Fl M and .Fl S options). If the .Fl p flag appears after any .Fl P flag on the command line, it overrides its effect, causing .Nm not to use the given .Ar prefix recursively. .It Fl P Ar prefix Does the same as the .Fl p option, except that the given .Ar prefix is also used recursively for the dependency packages, if any. If the .Fl P flag appears after any .Fl p flag on the command line, it overrides its effect, causing .Nm to use the given .Ar prefix recursively. .It Fl t , -template Ar template Use .Ar template as the input to .Xr mktemp 3 when creating a .Dq staging area . By default, this is the string .Pa /var/tmp/instmp.XXXXXX , but it may be necessary to override it in the situation where space in your .Pa /var/tmp directory is limited. Be sure to leave some number of `X' characters for .Xr mktemp 3 to fill in with a unique ID. .Pp You can get a performance boost by setting the staging area .Ar template to reside on the same disk partition as target directories for package file installation; often this is .Pa /usr . .It Fl M , -master Run in .Cm MASTER mode. This is a very specialized mode for running .Nm and is meant to be run in conjunction with .Cm SLAVE mode. When run in this mode, .Nm does no work beyond extracting the package into a temporary staging area (see the .Fl t option), reading in the packing list, and then dumping it (prefaced by the current staging area) to stdout where it may be filtered by a program such as .Xr sed 1 . When used in conjunction with .Cm SLAVE mode, it allows you to make radical changes to the package structure before acting on its contents. .It Fl S , -slave Run in .Cm SLAVE mode. This is a very specialized mode for running .Nm and is meant to be run in conjunction with .Cm MASTER mode. When run in this mode, .Nm expects the release contents to be already extracted and waiting in the staging area, the location of which is read as a string from stdin. The complete packing list is also read from stdin, and the contents then acted on as normal. .It Fl C , -chroot Ar chrootdir Before doing any operations, .Xr chroot 2 to the .Ar chrootdir directory so that all package files, and the package database, are installed to .Ar chrootdir . Note that .Ar chrootdir needs to be a fairly complete file system, including everything normally needed by .Nm to run. This flag was added to help support operations done by .Xr sysinstall 8 and is not expected to be useful for much else. Be careful that .Ar chrootdir is properly configured and cannot be modified by normal users, versions of commands like .Xr fetch 1 may be run inside .Ar chrootdir as a side effect. .El .Pp One or more .Ar pkg-name arguments may be specified, each being either a file containing the package (these usually end with a .Dq .tbz suffix) or a URL pointing at a file available on an ftp site. Thus you may extract files directly from their anonymous ftp locations (e.g.\& .Nm .Li ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/packages/shells/bash-1.14.7.tbz ) . Note: If you wish to use .Bf -emphasis passive mode .Ef ftp in such transfers, set the variable .Bf -emphasis FTP_PASSIVE_MODE .Ef to some value in your environment. Otherwise, the more standard ACTIVE mode may be used. If .Nm consistently fails to fetch a package from a site known to work, it may be because you have a firewall that demands the usage of .Bf -emphasis passive mode .Ef ftp. .Sh TECHNICAL DETAILS The .Nm utility extracts each package's .Dq "packing list" into a special staging directory (see .Sx ENVIRONMENT ) , parses it, and then runs through the following sequence to fully extract the contents of the package: .Bl -enum .It A check is made to determine if the package is already recorded as installed. If it is, installation is terminated. .It A check is made to determine if the package conflicts (from .Ic @conflicts directives, see .Xr pkg_create 1 ) with an already installed package. If it is, installation is terminated. .It Scan all the package dependencies (from .Ic @pkgdep directives, see .Xr pkg_create 1 ) are read from the packing list. If any of these required packages is not currently installed, an attempt is made to find and install it; if the missing package cannot be found or installed, the installation is terminated. .It Search for any .Ic @option directives which control how the package is added to the system. At the time of this writing, the only currently implemented option is .Ic @option Cm extract-in-place which will cause the package to be extracted directly into its prefix directory without moving through a staging area. .It If .Ic @option Cm extract-in-place is enabled, the package is now extracted directly into its final location, otherwise it is extracted into the staging area. .It If a requirements script .Pa +REQUIRE exists for the package (see the .Fl r flag of .Xr pkg_create 1 ) , then execute it with the following arguments: .Pp .D1 Ar pkg-name Li INSTALL .Pp where .Ar pkg-name is the name of the package in question and the .Dq Li INSTALL keyword denotes this as an installation requirements check (useful if you want to have one script serving multiple functions). .It If a pre-install script .Pa +INSTALL exists for the package, it is then executed with the following arguments: .Pp .D1 Ar pkg-name Li PRE-INSTALL .Pp where .Ar pkg-name is the name of the package in question and .Dq Li PRE-INSTALL is a keyword denoting this as the preinstallation phase. .Pp .Sy Note : The .Dq Li PRE-INSTALL keyword will not appear if separate scripts for pre-install and post-install are given during package creation time (using the .Fl i and .Fl I flags to .Xr pkg_create 1 ) . .It If .Cm @option Cm extract-in-place is not used, then the packing list (this is the .Pa +CONTENTS file) is now used as a guide for moving (or copying, as necessary) files from the staging area into their final locations. .It If an mtree file .Pa +MTREE_DIRS exists for the package (see the .Fl m flag of .Xr pkg_create 1 ) , then .Xr mtree 8 is invoked as: .Pp .D1 Nm mtree Fl U f Pa +MTREE_DIRS Fl d e p Ar prefix .Pp where .Ar prefix is either the prefix specified with the .Fl p or .Fl P flag or, if neither flag was specified, the name of the first directory named by a .Ic @cwd directive within this package. .It If a post-install script .Pa +POST-INSTALL exists for the package, it is then executed with the following arguments: .Pp .D1 Ar pkg-name Li POST-INSTALL .Pp where .Ar pkg-name is the name of the package in question and .Dq Li POST-INSTALL is a keyword denoting this as the post-installation phase. .Pp .Sy Note : The .Dq Li POST-INSTALL keyword will not appear if separate scripts for pre-install and post-install are given during package creation time (using the .Fl i and .Fl I flags to .Xr pkg_create 1 ) . .Pp Reasoning behind passing keywords such as .Dq Li POST-INSTALL and .Dq Li PRE-INSTALL is that this allows you to write a single install script that does both .Dq before and .Dq after actions. But, separating the functionality is more advantageous and easier from a maintenance viewpoint. .It After installation is complete, a copy of the description .Pq Pa +DESC , comment .Pq Pa +COMMENT , pre-install script .Pq Pa +INSTALL , post-install script .Pq Pa +POST-INSTALL , deinstall script .Pq Pa +DEINSTALL , post-deinstall script .Pq Pa +POST-DEINSTALL , requirements script .Pq Pa +REQUIRE , display .Pq Pa +DISPLAY , mtree .Pq Pa +MTREE_DIRS , and packing list .Pq Pa +CONTENTS files are copied into .Pa /var/db/pkg/ Ns Aq Ar pkg-name for subsequent possible use by .Xr pkg_delete 1 . Any package dependencies are recorded in the other packages' .Pa /var/db/pkg/ Ns Ao Ar other-pkg Ac Ns Pa /+REQUIRED_BY file (if the environment variable .Ev PKG_DBDIR is set, this overrides the .Pa /var/db/pkg/ path shown above). .It Finally, the staging area is deleted and the program terminates. .El .Pp All the scripts are called with the environment variable .Ev PKG_PREFIX set to the installation prefix (see the .Fl p and .Fl P options above). This allows a package author to write a script that reliably performs some action on the directory where the package is installed, even if the user might change it with the .Fl p or .Fl P flags to .Nm . .Sh ENVIRONMENT The value of the .Ev PKG_PATH is used if a given package cannot be found. The environment variable should be a series of entries separated by colons. Each entry consists of a directory name. The current directory may be indicated implicitly by an empty directory name, or explicitly by a single period. .Pp The environment variable .Ev PKG_DBDIR specifies an alternative location for the installed package database, default location is .Pa /var/db/pkg . .Pp The environment variables .Ev PKG_TMPDIR and .Ev TMPDIR , in that order, are taken to name temporary directories where .Nm will attempt to create its staging area in. If these variables are not present or if the directories named lack sufficient space, then .Nm will use the first of .Pa /var/tmp , .Pa /tmp or .Pa /usr/tmp with sufficient space. .Pp The environment variable .Ev PACKAGEROOT specifies an alternate location for .Nm to fetch from. The fetch URL is built using this environment variable and the automatic directory logic that .Nm uses when the .Fl r option is invoked. An example setting would be .Qq Li ftp://ftp3.FreeBSD.org . .Pp The environment variable .Ev PACKAGESITE specifies an alternate location for .Nm to fetch from. This variable subverts the automatic directory logic that .Nm uses when the .Fl r option is invoked. Thus it should be a complete URL to the remote package file(s). .Pp The environment variable .Ev PKGDIR specifies an alternative location to save downloaded packages to when .Fl K option is used. .Pp The environment variable .Ev PACKAGESUFFIX specifies an alternative file extension to use when fetching remote packages. Default is .tbz .Sh FILES .Bl -tag -width /var/db/pkg -compact .It Pa /var/tmp Temporary directory for creating the staging area, if environmental variables .Ev PKG_TMPDIR or .Ev TMPDIR do not point to a suitable directory. .It Pa /tmp Next choice if .Pa /var/tmp does not exist or has insufficient space. .It Pa /usr/tmp Last choice if .Pa /var/tmp and .Pa /tmp are not suitable for creating the staging area. .It Pa /var/db/pkg Default location of the installed package database. .El .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr pkg_create 1 , .Xr pkg_delete 1 , .Xr pkg_info 1 , .Xr pkg_version 1 , .Xr mktemp 3 , .Xr sysconf 3 , .Xr mtree 8 .Sh AUTHORS .An Jordan Hubbard .Sh CONTRIBUTORS .An John Kohl Aq jtk@rational.com .Sh BUGS Hard links between files in a distribution are only preserved if either (1) the staging area is on the same file system as the target directory of all the links to the file, or (2) all the links to the file are bracketed by .Cm @cwd directives in the contents file, .Em and the link names are extracted with a single .Cm tar command (not split between invocations due to exec argument-space limitations--this depends on the value returned by .Fn sysconf _SC_ARG_MAX ) . .Pp Sure to be others.